The 10th session of the Universal Periodic Review was held from January 24 to February 4 as usual at the Palais des Nations in Geneva.
the UPR is a new mechanism for the protection of human rights created by a resolution of the UN General Assembly in March 2006. Through this process, the Human Rights Council regularly examines the actual performance by the 192 member United States of their obligations and commitments concerning human rights.
The current first cycle of the UPR process has a duration of 4 years and is divided into three annual sessions, each of which examines 16 countries. This mechanism the Human Rights Council to address the recommendations to the State concerned, on the actions to be taken to improve the promotion and protection of human rights, while the State subjected the UPR has the opportunity to present the measures legislation, policies and measures adopted to ensure respect for freedom fundamental.
Among the 16 countries surveyed during the 10th session, the International Institute of Mary Help of Christians has paid particular attention to eight of them, namely Mozambique, Paraguay, Rwanda, Myanmar, Nepal, Georgia, Australia and Austria.
Among them, IIMA has been interested mainly in Paraguay and Mozambique, countries that presented the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) of the s tatement writings, drawing on information provided by the nuns and by operators who work in the field.
is important to note that several observations and recommendations contained in the statement referred by IIMA OHCHR were included in the third official document, drafted on the basis of proposals and information from various civil society actors.
IIMA has focused in particular on issues related to inequality in access to education and illiteracy rates are still too high, and has stressed the need to ensure primary and secondary education free and universal.
last session of the UPR has raised some issues and concerns common to all states under review, even though in different proportions, such as the persistence of gender discrimination and violence against women, and unequal access to the education system, which penalizes especially girls, minority groups in society, and those who live in areas rural areas.
Entering the merits of the individual states, in the case of Mozambique the Working Group mainly noted a disproportionate use of force and frequent and repeated episodes of violence committed by state agents, and a high rate illiteracy. Therefore, the main recommendations concerned increasing efforts to eliminate all forms of discrimination and violence against women and to guarantee the right to education for all children.
regard to Paraguay, the main issues relate gender inequality, which is manifested in education, health and political participation, and the high percentage of illiterate children between indigenous peoples , which is considerably higher than the national average.
In the case of Rwanda , the delegates of states have recognized the enormous steps made in favor of social transformation, economic and cultural life of the country after the Genocide. However, they denounced the lack of media freedom and journalists, discrimination and violence against women and the persistent phenomenon of child lime.
The UPR of Myanmar was very intense. The majority of Member States have expressed deep concern over the serious human rights violations that continue to take place in the country. Urgent and serious problems were detected during examination, such as imprisonment, forced disappearances, torture and forced labor of political dissidents, as well as religious and ethnic persecution and the recruitment of children into armed militias. So, it was asked Myanmar to ratify and implement international conventions dui immediate human rights, to release immediately and unconditionally political prisoners, and to By ensuring the rights of ethnic minorities and religious .
Al Nepal were recommended to ensure the implementation of a policy of free education without discrimination related to gender, geographical location, social class and ethnicity . In particular, the Working Group has stressed the need to ensure equal access to quality education for girls, Dalit children and children belonging to ethnic minorities.
Even at Georgia were made recommendations similar to those presented to the education sector in Nepal. In particular, it requires the government to guarantee access to education to children displaced and disabled, to increase the budget for the education sector and improve the quality of education, especially in rural areas.
regard to 'Australia , Member States expressed their appreciation to the policies
integration of the indigenous population and white population, and the fight against discrimination against immigrants. However, urged the government increased efforts in protecting the rights of the indigenous population and to counter the persistence of racism adopted by the police against immigrants.
Finally, all ' Austria the Working Group has recommended counter de discrimination against immigrants, especially in legal and educational sectors, and take effective protective measures to combat violence against women.
The 10th session of the UPR will end, and therefore will be completed the examination of the 16 states, on June 20, when it is adopted by the Board of Rights Human a final document for each state. This document contains all the recommendations that the State concerned has accepted and all the commitments made voluntarily, to be implemented over the next four years. The national government, civil society and the international community are invited to work together to encourage the implementation of these recommendations and commitments, aimed at improving respect for human rights in the country.
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